certbot安装证书!接之前的文章: 从Let’s Encrypt获取免费证书
今天在新的服务器上使用certbot安装证书,出现了如下错误提示: ImportError: ‘pyOpenSSL’ module missing required functionality. Try upgrading to v0.14 or newer.
错误相关跟踪栈信息为:
Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/certbot", line 9, in <module> load_entry_point('certbot==0.13.0', 'console_scripts', 'certbot')() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources.py", line 378, in load_entry_point return get_distribution(dist).load_entry_point(group, name) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources.py", line 2566, in load_entry_point return ep.load() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources.py", line 2260, in load entry = __import__(self.module_name, globals(),globals(), ['__name__']) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/certbot/main.py", line 17, in </module><module> from certbot import client File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/certbot/client.py", line 10, in </module><module> from acme import client as acme_client File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/acme/client.py", line 31, in </module><module> requests.packages.urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl.inject_into_urllib3() # type: ignore File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/packages/urllib3/contrib/pyopenssl.py", line 112, in in ject_into_urllib3 _validate_dependencies_met() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/packages/urllib3/contrib/pyopenssl.py", line 147, in _v alidate_dependencies_met raise ImportError("'pyOpenSSL' module missing required functionality. " ImportError: 'pyOpenSSL' module missing required functionality. Try upgrading to v0.14 or newer. </module>
使用最后一行的信息在搜索引擎上找问题,发现github上已经有相关的issue。主要原因是RHEL/CentOS的官方源和epel源的pyOpenSSL版本太旧了,新版的certbot依赖于高版本的pyOpenSSL库,从而失败。参与讨论的部分人指出: 这是(CentOS)系统的问题而非certbot的问题。
issue中提出的解决方案包括: 限定pyOpenSSL的版本: pip install pyOpenSSL=0.13.1, 测试失败;作者建议使用epel-testing库中的v0.13版本,但实测开启epel-testing源安装v0.13版本存在同样的问题。
如何解决这个突然的错误?想到certbot是python程序,从pip安装或许能够绕过系统的pyOpenSSL限制。以下是解决问题的尝试过程:
- 错误提示使用v0.14或者更新版本,先看看pip中的版本:
pip search certbot
,显示版本为0.14.0; - 卸载yum安装的certbot和pyOpenSSL:
yum remove certbot pyOpenSSL
; - 升级pip(如果不是最新版本,pip会提示你升级后再使用):
pip install --upgrade pip
; - pip安装certbot:
pip install certbot
。 碰到了Python.h或者pyconfig.h找不到的错误,于是安装Python的devel包:yum install -y python-devel
;再次运行命令,提示找不到opensslv.h头文件,于是安装OpenSSL的devel包:yum install -y openssl-devel
;再次运行pip install certbot
命令,成功安装certbot; - 测试certbot是否可用:
certbot certificates
。输出正常,说明pip安装了最新版的certbot,并且能正确运行。
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